Mathematics is a core subject in the Hong Kong primary school curriculum, with a strong focus on foundational skills and practical application. The curriculum progresses from concrete concepts to abstract thinking and is designed to foster logical reasoning. Increasingly, schools are integrating STEM concepts and digital tools to equip students for a tech-driven future.

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1️⃣ Curriculum Objectives

The main goals of the Mathematics curriculum are to:

• ➕ Master basic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
• 🔺 Understand shapes and space: explore properties of geometric figures and measurement
• 📊 Process data: learn statistics basics, such as charts and averages
• 🧠 Develop logical thinking: build critical reasoning and problem-solving skills
• 🚀 Prepare for secondary school: create a solid foundation for Mathematics and STEM subjects

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2️⃣ Curriculum Content by Grade Level

📚 Lower Primary (P1–P3)

Number & Algebra

• Basic arithmetic: up to 20 in P1, introduction to multiplication/division in P2–P3
• Fractions: basic understanding (e.g. ½, ¼)
• Time and money: read clocks, calculate with Hong Kong dollars

Shape & Space

• Recognize 2D shapes (square, circle) and 3D shapes (cube, sphere)
• Explore symmetry and simple patterns

Measures

• Compare units of length, weight, and capacity (e.g. cm, kg, L)

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🧮 Upper Primary (P4–P6)

Number & Algebra

• Work with large numbers (millions) and conversions between decimals and percentages
• Mixed operations (e.g. 12 + 3 × 4)
• Simple algebra: basic equations (e.g. x + 5 = 10)

Shape & Space

• Identify angles (acute, obtuse), classify triangles and quadrilaterals
• Calculate perimeter, area, and volume
  (e.g. Area of a rectangle = length × width)

Data Handling

• Read and interpret bar charts and line graphs
• Understand basic probability
  (e.g. using terms like “likely”, “impossible”)

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3️⃣ Teaching Approaches

• 🧱 Hands-on learning: use physical objects like blocks, balance scales
• 🧭 Real-life contexts: embed math in daily life (e.g. shopping, travel planning)
• 🔍 Inquiry-based learning: discover concepts through exploration (e.g. origami for symmetry)
• 💻 Digital tools: calculators, math software (e.g. GeoGebra), and interactive platforms

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4️⃣ Assessment Methods

🏫 Internal School Assessments

Type	Description
Written Tests	Include multiple choice, short answers, and word problems
Practical Tasks	Measure classroom objects, draw graphs, etc.
Project Work	Group tasks solving open-ended problems

csharp複製編輯                 *(e.g. “Design a party with the lowest budget”)*

📝 Territory-Wide Assessment (TSA)

• Administered in Primary 3 and Primary 6
• Assesses core math skills across schools

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5️⃣ Learning Materials & Resources

Textbooks commonly used:

• Modern Mathematics (Modern Educational Research Society)
• New Century Mathematics (Oxford)
• Happy Learning Mathematics (Educational Publishing House)

Additional resources:

• Daily practice books (“10 Questions a Day”)
• Olympiad math training (for advanced learners)
• Online platforms: EDB Mathland, Khan Academy (Chinese version)

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6️⃣ Bridging to Secondary School

• Arithmetic Extension: from whole numbers and fractions to exponents and roots
• Geometry Development: transition to Pythagorean theorem and trigonometry
• Algebra Progression: from basic equations to linear equations, quadratics, and functions

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7️⃣ Educational Reform & Challenges

🔬 STEM Integration

• Linking math with science and technology
• Use of programming tools (e.g. Scratch) for coordinate geometry
• Exploring 3D shapes via 3D printing projects

💡 Real-World Application

• Solve practical problems such as analyzing environmental data or planning budgets

🧑‍🏫 Learning Diversity

• Differentiated instruction in some schools
• Small group tutorials for remedial support or enrichment

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8️⃣ How Parents Can Help

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Simple ways to support at home:

• 🛒 Everyday practice: compare prices at the supermarket, measure ingredients while cooking
• 🎲 Math games: use board games (e.g. Monopoly) for calculation skills; Sudoku for logic
• ❌ Avoid over-drilling: focus on conceptual understanding, not just repetitive practice

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✅ Final Thoughts

The Mathematics curriculum in Hong Kong primary schools is designed to develop core numeracy, foster problem-solving, and prepare students for future learning in STEM fields. With a growing emphasis on logical thinking, data literacy, and cross-subject learning, math is more relevant and engaging than ever.

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📎 For official details, visit the Education Bureau website.
✍️ This article was AI-generated and reviewed by education expert Prof. Chan Kwok Wai. Edited by: Kong Yik Leung.