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HKDSE Tourism and Hospitality Studies Paper 1 Mock (10 questions, 100 marks, 1 hour 45 minutes)
HKDSE Tourism and Hospitality Studies
HKDSE Tourism and Hospitality Studies Paper 1 mock: 10 questions, 100 marks, 105 minutes, covering visitor arrivals, hotel room supply and occupancy, spending and receipts structure, airport throughput and three-runway capacity, theme park utilisation, tourism value added, cruise terminal use, MICE spending, seasonality and an overtourism discussion, with marking notes.
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Paper details Level: HKDSE | Subject: Tourism and Hospitality Studies | Time: 1 hour 45 minutes | Marks: 100 | Questions: 10
Section A (Questions 1 to 5, 50 marks)
Answer ALL questions. Show all working with units in data questions, and state a clear stance with evidence from different perspectives in the discussion question.
| # | Question | Answer and marking notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Source 1: Visitor arrivals to Hong Kong fell from about 65.15 million in 2018 to about 33.96 million in 2023. (a) Calculate the percentage fall from 2018 to 2023 (1 decimal place). (3 marks) (b) Calculate the average annual rate of change in arrivals over the five years from 2018 to 2023 (2 decimal places). (3 marks) (c) State two external factors affecting visitor arrivals and explain each. (4 marks) |
(a) (65.15 − 33.96) ÷ 65.15 × 100% = 47.9%, a fall of almost one half. (3 marks) (b) Average annual rate = (33.96 ÷ 65.15)^(1/5) − 1 = -12.22%, i.e. an average contraction of about 12% a year. (2 marks working, 1 mark answer) (c) The external economy and exchange rate: a slowdown in source markets or a strong Hong Kong dollar reduces willingness and purchasing power to travel; airline capacity: flight frequencies and destinations had not fully recovered and high fares restricted long-haul demand; public health events and entry policies: quarantine, visa rules and travel alerts cut demand immediately. (any two, 2 marks each) |
| 2 | Source 2: Hong Kong hotel rooms and average occupancy Rooms Occupancy 2018 89,000 91% 2023 92,000 78% (Assume 365 days a year and occupancy measured in room nights.) (a) Calculate the room nights sold in 2018 and in 2023. (4 marks) (b) Calculate the percentage fall in room nights in 2023 compared with 2018. (3 marks) (c) State two strategies a hotel can adopt when demand falls. (3 marks) |
(a) 2018: 89,000 × 91% × 365 = 29,561,350 room nights; 2023: 92,000 × 78% × 365 = 26,192,400 room nights. (2 marks each) (b) (29,561,350 − 26,192,400) ÷ 29,561,350 × 100% = 11.4%. (2 marks working, 1 mark answer) (c) With more rooms but lower occupancy, demand is the constraint: convert some floors to long-stay serviced apartments or contract business for stable base income; and reprice and re-mix the market by developing local staycations, MICE and tour-series rates, bundling rooms with food and beverage and meeting space to lift revenue per available room (RevPAR). (any two, 1.5 marks each) |
| 3 | Source 3: Structure of visitor arrivals in 2023 Arrivals Per-capita spending (HK$) Overnight 17.00 m 6,600 Same-day 16.96 m 900 (a) Calculate total tourism receipts in 2023 (HK$ hundred million, 1 decimal place). (4 marks) (b) Calculate overnight visitors spending as a percentage of total receipts. (3 marks) (c) Explain one effect on Hong Kong retailing of a rising share of same-day visitors. (3 marks) |
(a) Overnight: 17.00 m × 6,600 = HK$1003.0 hundred million; same-day: 16.96 m × 900 = HK$152.6 hundred million; total HK$1155.6 hundred million. (1 mark each part, 1 mark total) (b) 1003.0 ÷ 1155.6 × 100% = 86.8%. (2 marks working, 1 mark answer) (c) Same-day visitors stay briefly and spend mainly on immediate shopping and meals, with per-capita spending only about one seventh of overnight visitors, so total receipts grow slowly; retailers respond with high-value, fast-turnover goods and shops near boundary control points and stations, and rely on local customers to fill the weekday gap, while their ability to pay rent falls. (3 marks) |
| 4 | Source 4: Passenger throughput at Hong Kong International Airport fell from about 74.7 million in 2018 to about 39.5 million in 2023; with the three-runway system in full operation the design capacity is about 120 million passengers a year. (a) Express 2023 throughput as a percentage of 2018. (3 marks) (b) Calculate the percentage increase needed to rise from the 2023 level to design capacity. (3 marks) (c) Explain two benefits of airport expansion for Hong Kong tourism. (4 marks) |
(a) 3,950 ÷ 7,470 × 100% = 52.9%, about half the pre-pandemic level. (3 marks) (b) (12,000 − 3,950) ÷ 3,950 × 100% = 203.8%, i.e. an increase of about two times. (3 marks) (c) More slots and destinations attract long-haul and transit passengers and raise the share of overnight visitors; faster cargo and transhipment support high-value segments such as MICE and cruise, and drive airport-city jobs and hotel investment, strengthening Hong Kong as a regional aviation hub. (2 marks each) |
| 5 | Source 5: A theme park is designed for 30,000 visitors a day and opens 340 days a year; 2023 attendance was 4.4 million. (a) Calculate the annual design capacity. (2 marks) (b) Calculate the capacity utilisation in 2023. (4 marks) (c) State two ways the park can raise its repeat-visit rate. (4 marks) |
(a) 30,000 × 340 = 10,200,000 visits. (2 marks) (b) 4,400,000 ÷ 10,200,000 × 100% = 43.1%. (2 marks working, 2 marks answer) (c) Use membership schemes and annual passes with price benefits and exclusive time slots to turn one-off visitors into regulars; refresh themed zones, festival events and shows regularly to create a reason to return; and use a mobile app to manage queues and push personalised offers, improving the experience. (any two, 2 marks each) |
Section B (Questions 6 to 10, 50 marks)
Answer ALL questions. Show all working with units in data questions, and state a clear stance with evidence from different perspectives in the discussion question.
| # | Question | Answer and marking notes |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | Source 6: Tourism value added and its share of Hong Kong GDP GDP (HK$ hundred million) Tourism share 2018 28,500 4.5% 2023 29,800 3.2% (a) Calculate tourism value added in 2018 and 2023 (HK$ hundred million, 1 decimal place). (4 marks) (b) Express 2023 tourism value added as a percentage of the 2018 figure. (3 marks) (c) Explain two multiplier effects of tourism on the Hong Kong economy (indirect and induced). (5 marks) |
(a) 2018: 28,500 × 4.5% = HK$1282.5 hundred million; 2023: 29,800 × 3.2% = HK$953.6 hundred million. (2 marks each) (b) 953.6 ÷ 1282.5 × 100% = 74.4%. (2 marks working, 1 mark answer) (c) Indirect effect: as hotels, restaurants and attractions serve visitors they buy food, laundry, maintenance and advertising from local suppliers, generating output and jobs upstream; induced effect: tourism employees spend their extra income locally, creating a second round of demand. GDP records only direct value added, but the multiplier means retail, transport and cultural performance benefit as well, so tourism employment is much larger than its share of value added suggests. (2 marks each, 1 mark conclusion) |
| 7 | Source 7: Kai Tak Cruise Terminal has two berths and can handle about 900,000 cruise passengers a year; cruise passengers fell from about 870,000 in 2018 to about 300,000 in 2023. (a) Calculate the utilisation of the terminal’s passenger capacity in 2023. (4 marks) (b) If cruise passengers then grow 25% a year, how many years does it take to recover from the 2023 level to the 2018 level? (2 decimal places) (4 marks) (c) Suggest one way to improve transport connections at the cruise terminal. (2 marks) |
(a) 300,000 ÷ 900,000 × 100% = 33.3%. (2 marks working, 2 marks answer) (b) 87 ÷ 30 = 2.9; years = ln 2.9 ÷ ln 1.25 = 4.77 years, i.e. about four years and nine months. (3 marks working, 1 mark answer) (c) Run regular shuttle buses and ferry services linking the terminal with Kai Tak Station and Tsim Sha Tsui, add frequency at peak berthing times, and provide luggage storage and a taxi waiting area to cut waiting time. (2 marks) |
| 8 | Source 8: Hong Kong hosted about 179 exhibitions with about 1.9 million visitors in 2018, and about 120 exhibitions with about 1.1 million visitors in 2023. The industry notes that MICE visitors spend about 2.1 times as much per head as an ordinary overnight visitor. (a) Calculate the fall in exhibition numbers and in visitors in 2023 compared with 2018. (3 marks) (b) If an ordinary overnight visitor spends HK$5,900, calculate the total spending of the 1.1 million MICE visitors in 2023 (HK$ hundred million, 2 decimal places). (4 marks) (c) State one advantage of Hong Kong for developing MICE tourism. (3 marks) |
(a) Exhibitions: (179 − 120) ÷ 179 × 100% = 33.0%; visitors: (190 − 110) ÷ 190 × 100% = 42.1%. (3 marks) (b) MICE spending per head = 5,900 × 2.1 = HK$12,390; total = 1,100,000 × 12,390 = HK$136.29 hundred million. (2 marks working, 2 marks answer) (c) Hong Kong sits at the centre of Asia with the main markets within a five-hour flight and direct airport and high-speed rail links to South China; exhibition facilities are clustered in Wan Chai and near the airport with ample hotel rooms; and the common law system, low tax rates and wide use of English suit international professional conferences and buyer exhibitions. (any one, 3 marks) |
| 9 | Source 9: Monthly visitor arrivals in 2023 (million) Jan 2.52, Feb 3.31, Mar 2.83, Apr 2.74, May 2.62, Jun 2.41, Jul 3.01, Aug 3.43, Sep 2.32, Oct 2.91, Nov 2.71, Dec 3.15. (a) Calculate the three peak months (February, August and December) as a percentage of the whole year. (3 marks) (b) Calculate the monthly average for the year and the percentage by which the highest month exceeds it. (3 marks) (c) Explain one effect of peak season on hotel human resource management and one way of coping with it. (3 marks) |
(a) Annual total = 33.96 million; the three peak months = 3.31 + 3.43 + 3.15 = 9.89 million; 9.89 ÷ 33.96 × 100% = 29.1%. (3 marks) (b) Monthly average = 33.96 ÷ 12 = 2.83 million; the highest month (August, 3.43 million) exceeds it by (3.43 − 2.83) ÷ 2.83 × 100% = 21.2%. (3 marks) (c) Effect: room and catering demand surges in peak season, forcing temporary hires or long overtime, which raises wage costs and makes service quality uneven; response: build a pool of part-time and intern staff, roster early from booking data, and cross-train employees (front office supporting housekeeping) for flexible deployment. (3 marks) |
| 10 | Source 10: Some commentators argue that “the more visitors, the more successful the tourism industry”, while others say overtourism has already appeared in some districts and affected residents’ daily life. (a) State one characteristic of overtourism. (3 marks) (b) Discuss whether Hong Kong should use visitor arrivals as the main indicator of the effectiveness of its tourism policy. State a clear stance and give one argument each from the economic, social and environmental perspectives. (6 marks) |
(a) Characteristic: visitor numbers exceed the host area’s carrying capacity, causing severe congestion at attractions and on public transport, local shops replaced by tourist shops, rising rents and prices, worse waste and noise problems, and growing resident resentment of tourism. (any one, 3 marks) (b) Sample stance (arrivals alone are unsuitable): economically, arrivals do not measure the quality of receipts — same-day visitors are nearly half of the total but spend only about one seventh as much as overnight visitors, so “overnight arrivals” and “spending per visitor” are better; socially, residents’ carrying capacity is limited and a headcount ignores congestion and quality of life; environmentally, more arrivals mean more waste, water use and carbon emissions, so resource use per visitor should be tracked alongside. (2 marks clear stance; 1 mark each perspective; 1 mark for weighing the opposing view.) An opposite stance arguing from jobs, tax revenue and supply-chain effects, and addressing carrying capacity, can also gain full marks. |
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