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HKDSE Tourism and Hospitality Studies Paper 1 Structured Practice Paper
HKDSE Tourism and Hospitality Paper 1
HKDSE Tourism and Hospitality Studies Paper 1 structured practice paper: 10 original questions, 100 marks in 60 minutes, covering hotel occupancy and RevPAR.
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Paper details Level: S6 (DSE) | Subject: Tourism and Hospitality Studies | Time: 60 minutes | Marks: 100 | Questions: 10
Section A Hotel Operations, Air Transport and Food Cost (50 marks)
Questions 1-3
| # | Question | Answer and marking notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | (Hotel operations) A city hotel has 240 rooms. On one night 192 rooms were sold for total room revenue of HK$168,960. Food and beverage revenue that evening was HK$1,152,000 and total F and B cost was HK$368,640. (a) Calculate the occupancy rate for that night. (2 marks) (b) Calculate the average daily rate (ADR). (3 marks) (c) Calculate revenue per available room (RevPAR). (2 marks) (d) Calculate the F and B cost percentage. (3 marks) |
(a) Occupancy = 192 / 240 x 100 = 80.0 per cent. (b) ADR = 168,960 / 192 = HK$880. (c) RevPAR = 168,960 / 240 = HK$704 (also 880 x 80 per cent). (d) F and B cost percentage = 368,640 / 1,152,000 x 100 = 32.0 per cent. Marking note: RevPAR always divides by rooms available (240); using rooms sold gives 880, which is just the ADR again. |
| 2 | (Air transport) An airline flight offers 180 seats on a sector of 1,200 km. The flight carried 156 passengers at an average fare of HK$950. (a) Calculate the load factor. (2 marks) (b) Calculate available seat kilometres (ASK). (3 marks) (c) Calculate revenue passenger kilometres (RPK). (2 marks) (d) Calculate the passenger revenue of the flight. (3 marks) |
(a) Load factor = 156 / 180 x 100 = 86.67 per cent. (b) ASK = 180 x 1,200 = 216,000 seat kilometres. (c) RPK = 156 x 1,200 = 187,200 revenue passenger kilometres. (d) Passenger revenue = 156 x 950 = HK$148,200. Marking note: RPK / ASK must equal the load factor; using seats in the RPK line breaks that identity. |
| 3 | (Food cost control) A restaurant sets a food cost percentage ceiling of 30 per cent. A dish sells for HK$168 and currently costs HK$58.80 in food per portion. (a) At the target cost percentage, what is the maximum food cost per portion? (3 marks) (b) Calculate the actual food cost percentage. (3 marks) (c) If the selling price is unchanged, by how much must food cost per portion fall to reach the target? (2 marks) (d) State two workable measures. (2 marks) |
(a) Maximum cost = 168 x 30 per cent = HK$50.40. (b) Actual food cost percentage = 58.80 / 168 x 100 = 35.0 per cent. (c) Reduction needed = 58.80 – 50.40 = HK$8.40. (d) Workable measures: enforce standard portion sizes with measuring scoops; renegotiate with suppliers or substitute an equal-quality lower-cost ingredient. Marking note: part (c) needs both figures shown; an answer of 8.40 with no working earns 1 mark only. |
Questions 4-5
| # | Question | Answer and marking notes |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | (Visitor statistics) Visitor arrivals to a destination were 46.0 million last year and 52.9 million this year, with mainland visitors making up 78 per cent of this year total. (a) Calculate the growth rate of arrivals. (3 marks) (b) Calculate this year mainland arrivals in millions. (3 marks) (c) If arrivals grow a further 10 per cent next year, what is next year total in millions? (2 marks) (d) State two effects of arrival growth on the hotel sector. (2 marks) |
(a) Growth = (52.9 – 46.0) / 46.0 x 100 = 15.0 per cent. (b) Mainland arrivals = 52.9 million x 78 per cent = 4,126.2 million. (c) Next year = 52.9 million x 1.10 = 5,819.0 million. (d) Two effects: room rates and occupancy rise; peak-season staffing and housekeeping demand increase (attraction carrying pressure is also acceptable). Marking note: the base for (a) is last year 46.0; dividing by this year gives 13.0 per cent and loses the mark. |
| 5 | (Carrying capacity) The recommended daily carrying capacity of a beach is 2,400 visitors. On one peak-holiday day 3,000 visitors came, each producing 0.8 kg of waste on average. (a) Calculate the percentage by which the day exceeded carrying capacity. (3 marks) (b) Calculate total waste generated that day in kg. (3 marks) (c) If 35 per cent of waste is recycled, calculate the waste sent for disposal in kg. (2 marks) (d) State two mitigation measures. (2 marks) |
(a) Excess = (3,000 – 2,400) / 2,400 x 100 = 25.0 per cent. (b) Total waste = 3,000 x 0.8 = 2,400 kg. (c) Disposed = 2,400 x (1 – 35 per cent) = 1,560 kg. (d) Two measures: daily booking quotas with staggered time slots; more recycling bins and additional cleaning shifts. Marking note: waste is based on actual arrivals, not capacity; using 2,400 gives 1,920 kg and loses the marks. |
Section B Investment, Pricing, Labour, Ticketing and Sustainability (50 marks)
Questions 6-8
| # | Question | Answer and marking notes |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | (Investment appraisal) An eco-lodge project requires HK$4,800,000 of capital and is expected to generate net cash inflow of HK$800,000 per year for 8 years. (a) Calculate the payback period. (3 marks) (b) Calculate the accounting rate of return (ARR) on the initial investment. (3 marks) (c) Calculate total net cash inflow over 8 years and the net return of the project. (2 marks) (d) State one non-financial consideration. (2 marks) |
(a) Payback = 4,800,000 / 800,000 = 6 years. (b) ARR = 800,000 / 4,800,000 x 100 = 16.67 per cent. (c) Total inflow = 800,000 x 8 = 6,400,000; net return = 6,400,000 – 4,800,000 = 1,600,000. (d) Non-financial factor: ecological and community impact, seasonal demand swings, or licensing and land-lease constraints (any one). Marking note: state that ARR uses the initial investment; the average-investment version gives a different figure and must not be mixed in one answer. |
| 7 | (Tour packages) A package costs HK$3,200 and sells for HK$4,000. When sold through an agent, commission is 8 per cent of the selling price. (a) Calculate the gross margin percentage. (3 marks) (b) Calculate the commission per package. (2 marks) (c) Calculate the net profit per package after commission. (3 marks) (d) If cost rises by 5 per cent and the gross margin must be maintained, what is the new selling price? (2 marks) |
(a) Gross margin = (4,000 – 3,200) / 4,000 x 100 = 20.0 per cent. (b) Commission = 4,000 x 8 per cent = HK$320. (c) Net profit = 4,000 – 3,200 – 320 = HK$480. (d) New cost = 3,200 x 1.05 = HK$3,360; new price = 3,360 / (1 – 20 per cent) = HK$4,200. Marking note: part (d) is not cost plus profit added; a gross margin is a percentage of price, so divide by 0.8. |
| 8 | (Housekeeping labour) A hotel has 240 rooms and occupancy on a given day was 80 per cent. Cleaning one occupied room takes 30 minutes. Each room attendant works 8 hours a day and 85 per cent of that time is productive. (a) Calculate the number of rooms to be cleaned that day. (2 marks) (b) Calculate total cleaning hours required that day. (3 marks) (c) Calculate productive hours per attendant per day. (2 marks) (d) Calculate the number of attendants required (round up to a whole person). (3 marks) |
(a) Rooms to clean = 240 x 80 per cent = 192 rooms. (b) Total hours = 192 x 30 / 60 = 96 hours. (c) Productive hours per attendant = 8 x 85 per cent = 6.8 hours. (d) Attendants = 96 / 6.8 = 14.12, rounded up to 15. Marking note: part (d) must round up; rounding to 14 leaves work unfinished that day. |
Questions 9-10
| # | Question | Answer and marking notes |
|---|---|---|
| 9 | (Attraction ticketing) An attraction charges HK$320 for an adult ticket and HK$160 for a child ticket. On one day 1,800 tickets were sold for total ticket revenue of HK$480,000. (a) Use simultaneous equations to find how many adult and child tickets were sold. (6 marks) (b) Calculate adult tickets as a percentage of total tickets sold. (2 marks) (c) If the adult price rises by 10 per cent and nothing else changes, what is total revenue for the same sales volume? (2 marks) |
(a) Let x be adult tickets and y child tickets: x + y = 1,800; 320x + 160y = 480,000. Substituting y = 1,800 – x gives 160x = 192,000, so x = 1,200 and y = 600. Check: 480,000. (b) Adult share = 1,200 / 1,800 x 100 = 66.67 per cent. (c) New revenue = 1,200 x 352 + 600 x 160 = HK$518,400. Marking note: only the adult price rises; raising both gives 528,000 and loses the mark. |
| 10 | (Sustainable tourism) A traveller return flight emits 0.42 tonnes of carbon and the 3-night hotel stay emits 0.018 tonnes per night. One tree absorbs 0.020 tonnes of carbon per year. (a) Calculate the carbon emissions of the whole trip. (3 marks) (b) If 5,000 similar travellers make the trip, what are total emissions in tonnes? (3 marks) (c) How many trees are needed to offset those emissions fully (whole number)? (2 marks) (d) State two emission-reduction measures. (2 marks) |
(a) Trip emissions = 0.42 + 0.018 x 3 = 0.474 tonnes. (b) Total = 0.474 x 5,000 = 2,370 tonnes. (c) Trees = 2,370 / 0.020 = 118,500. (d) Two measures: shift to rail or direct flights to cut transfers; choose certified low-carbon accommodation and stay longer; promote offsetting and off-season travel (any two). Marking note: part (a) must multiply the hotel figure by 3 nights; part (c) must be a whole number. |
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