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S4 Geography Water Resources, Paper 3: water stress, reservoirs and management
S4 Geography Water Resources, Paper 3: water stress, reservoirs and management
Water stress is measured by water available per person, and management splits into demand and supply measures with different costs.
Focus Decide demand or supply first, then weigh cost and ecological impact.
01 Paper details (check answers afterwards)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Questions | 10 |
| Suggested time | 25 |
| Difficulty mix | Foundation 3 · Intermediate 4 · Challenge 2 · Error redo 1 |
| Chapter | Chapter: S4 Geography: River Management and Water Resources |
| Level | S4 |
02 Questions (10 items)
- FoundationWhen available water per person per year falls below 1,700 cubic metres the place is under what condition?
- FoundationThe total water used to produce a product is called its what?
- FoundationName the artificial lake formed by damming a river.
- IntermediateName the method of removing salt from sea water to obtain fresh water.
- IntermediateReusing treated water from baths and kitchens for flushing or irrigation is called what?
- IntermediateName the type of engineering used for raising embankments and straightening channels, and for restoring wetlands and planting slopes.
- IntermediateName the two large fresh water reservoirs built at sea level in Hong Kong.
- ChallengeWhere does most of Hong Kong fresh water come from?
- ChallengeExplain one way a reservoir can harm downstream ecology.
- Error redoSome argue desalination is the best answer to water shortage. Give one limitation.
03 Answers and one-line notes
| # | Answer | One-line note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | water stress | 1,700 cubic metres per person per year is the common threshold. |
| 2 | water footprint | It counts both direct and indirect water use. |
| 3 | reservoir | It regulates flow but floods land upstream. |
| 4 | desalination | It is rain-independent but energy-intensive and costly. |
| 5 | greywater reuse | It cuts fresh water demand and belongs to demand management. |
| 6 | hard; soft | Hard works act fast but cost more; soft works are cheaper and help ecology. |
| 7 | Plover Cove; High Island | Both were formed by damming sea inlets and are Hong Kong key local storage. |
| 8 | the Dongjiang in Guangdong | Dongjiang water supplies most of Hong Kong demand; local catchments give the rest. |
| 9 | It traps sediment and changes the flow regime, altering habitats. | Less seasonal variation and blocked migration affect downstream species. |
| 10 | high cost and high energy use | Supply is reliable but the power bill and carbon cost are high. |
04 What to do after marking
- After marking, redo only the wrong items and write down which step went wrong (formula, unit, or misread number).
- Repeat the same item two days later; move to the next paper only when both attempts are correct.
- Parents only need the answer and note columns; there is no need to explain every item.
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