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S5 Geography | Agriculture Paper 4 (Error Re-drill)
S5 Geography | Agriculture Paper 4 (Error Re-drill)
This paper does one thing: it re-runs the marks most often lost in papers one to three, namely profit margin divided by cost instead of revenue, mechanisation counted only as a purchase, and rent comparisons that ignore other costs.
Attempt first, mark afterwards Allow about twenty-five minutes; write the formula first, check denominators and units, and put every recurrent cost into any comparison.
01 Paper details (check answers afterwards)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Questions | 10 items |
| Suggested time | About 25 minutes |
| Difficulty mix | Foundation 4 · Intermediate 3 · Challenge 2 · Error redo 1 |
| Chapter | Chapter: S5 Geography | Agriculture |
| Level | S5 (Secondary 5) Geography |
02 Questions (10 items)
- FoundationA farm covers 12 hectares yielding 24 tonnes per hectare, sold at $2,500 a tonne, with total costs of $576,000. Find total output, revenue, profit and the profit margin, taking revenue as the denominator.
- Foundation144 hectares are worked by 18 people. How much land per worker? After mechanisation only 12 are needed: how much per worker, and what is the percentage rise?
- FoundationWages are 40 workers at $60,000 each. A machine costs $900,000 a year and cuts the workforce to 16. How much is saved each year?
- FoundationA farm uses 45,000 cubic metres of water a year and drip irrigation saves 20 per cent. How much is saved and how much remains?
- Intermediate80 tonnes of vegetables travel 60 km at $1.5 per tonne-kilometre, or 180 km. What is the difference in freight, and why does nearness to market help?
- IntermediateVegetables earn $90,000 per hectare against non-rent costs of $54,000; grain earns $36,000 against $21,600. What rent can each pay, what is the ratio, and which belongs near the market?
- ChallengeThe vegetable price falls from $12 to $9.6 a kilogram with output held at 40,000 kilograms. What is the price fall and how much revenue is lost?
- Challenge500 tonnes of imported vegetables travel 9,000 km while the same amount grown locally travels 30 km. What is each food mileage in tonne-kilometres, and what is the ratio?
- IntermediateFertiliser use falls from 32,000 kilograms to 24,000. By what percentage? Organic yields 4.2 tonnes per hectare against 5.6 for conventional: how much lower in percentage and in tonnes?
- Error redoLocal output is 36,000 tonnes against demand of 120,000. What is the self-sufficiency rate, and what is wrong with concluding that low self-sufficiency means food insecurity?
03 Answers and one-line notes
| # | Answer | One-line note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Output 288 tonnes, revenue $720,000, profit $144,000 and a margin of 20 per cent. | Output is 12 times 24, giving 288 tonnes; revenue is 288 tonnes at $2,500, or $720,000; profit is $720,000 less $576,000, or $144,000; dividing by revenue, $144,000 over $720,000, gives 20 per cent, so the denominator is revenue and never cost. |
| 2 | From 8 to 12 hectares per worker, a rise of 50 per cent. | 144 over 18 is 8 hectares; 144 over 12 is 12; the 4 hectare gain on a base of 8 is 50 per cent. |
| 3 | Wages fall from $2,400,000 to $960,000, plus $900,000 for the machine, so $540,000 is saved. | 40 times $60,000 is $2,400,000; 16 times $60,000 is $960,000, and adding $900,000 gives $1,860,000; the saving is $540,000. Machine cost is a recurrent expense, not a one-off receipt. |
| 4 | 9,000 saved and 36,000 left. | 45,000 times 20 per cent is 9,000; taking that from 45,000 leaves 36,000 cubic metres. |
| 5 | $7,200 against $21,600, a gap of $14,400; perishable crops also lose value on a long trip. | Freight is weight times distance times rate: 80 times 60 times $1.5 is $7,200, and 80 times 180 times $1.5 is $21,600, leaving a gap of $14,400. |
| 6 | $36,000 and $14,400, a ratio of 2.5, so vegetables outbid grain for market-side land. | Rent-paying ability is revenue minus non-rent cost: $90,000 less $54,000 gives $36,000, and $36,000 less $21,600 gives $14,400; the ratio is 36,000 over 14,400, or 2.5. |
| 7 | A fall of 20 per cent; revenue drops from $480,000 to $384,000, losing $96,000. | The $12 fall over $9.6 is 20 per cent; 40,000 at $12 is $480,000 and at $9.6 is $384,000, a loss of $96,000. |
| 8 | 4,500,000 against 15,000 tonne-kilometres, a ratio of 300. | Food mileage is weight times distance: 500 times 9,000 gives 4,500,000, and 500 times 30 gives 15,000; dividing gives 300 times as much. |
| 9 | Fertiliser down 25 per cent; organic is 25 per cent lower, a gap of 1.4 tonnes per hectare. | The 8,000 kilogram cut on a base of 32,000 is 25 per cent; the 1.4 tonne gap on a base of 5.6 is 25 per cent. |
| 10 | %s per cent. Wrong, because security depends on diversified suppliers, stocks, purchasing power and stable transport, not one ratio. | Dividing 36,000 by 120,000 gives 30 per cent; a city can import most of its food and still be secure if supply lines are diversified and reserves are adequate, so one ratio cannot settle the question. |
04 What to do after marking
- After marking, redo only the wrong items and write down which step went wrong (formula, unit, or misread number).
- Repeat the same item two days later; move to the next paper only when both attempts are correct.
- Parents only need the answer and note columns; there is no need to explain every item.
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