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S5 Geography Weather and Climate, Paper 2: humidity and rainfall
S5 Geography Weather and Climate, Paper 2: humidity and rainfall
Paper 2 drills lapse rate, relative humidity, dew point height and monsoons, asks for the three rainfall types and compares urban and rural temperatures.
Focus Lapse rate times height gives the fall, relative humidity is vapour over capacity, the dew point gap times 100 gives cloud height, and heat island is urban minus rural.
01 Paper details (check answers afterwards)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Questions | 10 |
| Suggested time | 25 |
| Difficulty mix | Foundation 4 · Intermediate 3 · Challenge 2 · Error redo 1 |
| Chapter | Chapter: S5 Geography: Weather and Climate |
| Level | S5 |
02 Questions (10 items)
- FoundationAir at the foot of a hill is 26 degrees Celsius. If temperature falls 0.6 degree per 100 m, what is it at 2000 m?
- FoundationAir holds 14 grams of vapour per cubic metre and saturation at that temperature is 20 grams. What is the relative humidity?
- FoundationWhich monsoon prevails in Hong Kong in summer and what weather does it bring?
- FoundationName the three common types of rainfall in Hong Kong.
- IntermediateThe air is 26 degrees with a dew point of 18 degrees. If it cools 1 degree per 100 m, at what height does cloud form?
- IntermediateA station records 31.4 degrees in its hottest month and 15.6 in its coldest. What is the annual range?
- IntermediateAnnual rainfall is 1800 mm and 65 per cent falls from May to September. How much falls in the wet season?
- ChallengeA summit reads 8 degrees and the foot 20 degrees, with a lapse rate of 0.5 degree per 100 m. How high is the hill?
- ChallengeThe urban area reads 33.8 degrees and the countryside 28.5. What is the heat island intensity?
- Error redoError: a student says relative humidity rises when temperature rises. What is correct?
03 Answers and one-line notes
| # | Answer | One-line note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14 degrees Celsius | Two thousand metres is twenty steps of 100 m, so 12 degrees are lost and 26 minus 12 is 14. |
| 2 | 70 per cent | Actual vapour over saturation capacity times 100 gives 14 over 20, which is 0.7. |
| 3 | The southwest monsoon from the sea, warm, humid and rainy | The summer monsoon arrives from the southern sea with plenty of vapour, so it is hot, humid and showery. |
| 4 | Convectional, relief and frontal rainfall | Heated ground gives convectional rain, air forced over hills gives relief rain, and advancing fronts give frontal rain. |
| 5 | 800 m | Eight degrees must be lost to reach the dew point, which at one degree per 100 m means 800 m. |
| 6 | 15.8 degrees Celsius | Annual range is hottest month minus coldest month, and 31.4 minus 15.6 is 15.8. |
| 7 | 1170 mm | Eighteen hundred times 0.65 is 1170, leaving only 630 mm for the other seven months. |
| 8 | 2400 m | A difference of 12 degrees divided by 0.5 gives twenty four steps of 100 m, which is 2400 m. |
| 9 | 5.3 degrees Celsius | Heat island intensity is urban minus rural, so 33.8 minus 28.5 is 5.3, driven by concrete storage and waste heat. |
| 10 | A higher temperature raises saturation capacity, so relative humidity falls if vapour stays the same | Saturation capacity is the denominator, so a higher temperature enlarges it and the same vapour gives a smaller ratio. |
04 What to do after marking
- After marking, redo only the wrong items and write down which step went wrong (formula, unit, or misread number).
- Repeat the same item two days later; move to the next paper only when both attempts are correct.
- Parents only need the answer and note columns; there is no need to explain every item.
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