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S6 Geography: Urban Climate and Air Pollution (Paper 2 (intermediate))
S6 Geography: Urban Climate and Air Pollution (Paper 2 (intermediate))
Paper 2 (intermediate): ten questions on urban climate and air pollution with worked numbers, answers and one line notes.
01 Paper details (check answers afterwards)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Questions | 10 |
| Suggested time | 20 |
| Difficulty mix | Foundation 3 · Intermediate 3 · Challenge 3 · Error redo 1 |
| Chapter | Chapter: S6 Geography: Urban Climate and Air Pollution |
| Level | S6 |
02 Questions (10 items)
- FoundationWhat is the street canyon effect?
- FoundationName two human-made heat sources in a city.
- FoundationWhat does a higher air quality health index mean?
- IntermediateHow does higher building density affect wind speed in a city?
- IntermediateUrban wind speed is 2.0 metres per second and rural wind speed 4.0. What percentage of the rural value is the urban speed?
- IntermediateWhat is the main pollutant in photochemical smog?
- ChallengeThe rural station reads 26 degrees and the urban station 31. How many percent hotter is the city? (one decimal place)
- ChallengeAfter a green roof is added, the top floor cools from 34 to 31 degrees. What is the percentage drop? (one decimal place)
- ChallengeThe annual PM2.5 standard is 35 micrograms per cubic metre and a district measures 42. By what percentage is it exceeded?
- Error redoError clinic: trees are only for looks and do not affect urban climate. What is wrong?
03 Answers and one-line notes
| # | Answer | One-line note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tall buildings narrow the view of the sky, so the street releases heat slowly at night | The taller and denser the buildings, the smaller the sky view factor and the slower the cooling. |
| 2 | Air conditioners and vehicles | Industry and lighting are also human heat sources that warm urban air directly. |
| 3 | Worse air quality and a higher health risk | The overall index takes the highest of the pollutant sub-indices. |
| 4 | Surface roughness increases and wind speed falls | Tall buildings add friction and block airflow, so urban wind speeds are usually lower than rural ones. |
| 5 | 50 percent | 2 divided by 4 gives 0.5, which is one half. |
| 6 | Ozone | Nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds form ozone under sunlight. |
| 7 | About 19.2 percent | The gap is 5, and 5 divided by 26 gives 0.1923. |
| 8 | About 8.8 percent | The gap is 3, and 3 divided by 34 gives 0.0882. |
| 9 | 20 percent | It exceeds by 7, and 7 divided by 35 gives 0.2. |
| 10 | Trees give shade and transpire, which weakens the heat island | The canopy blocks sunlight and leaf transpiration removes heat, while air quality also improves. |
04 What to do after marking
- After marking, redo only the wrong items and write down which step went wrong (formula, unit, or misread number).
- Repeat the same item two days later; move to the next paper only when both attempts are correct.
- Parents only need the answer and note columns; there is no need to explain every item.
For urban climate questions, decide first whether the answer is a temperature difference or a percentage: subtract for a difference, and divide the change by the original value then multiply by one hundred for a percentage. For air questions, remember that smaller particles reach deeper into the lungs, and ozone needs sunlight and nitrogen oxides.Tutor Registration →
Questions and answers are written originally by the TutorZone team and are not taken from any school, publisher or examination authority paper. Every value is checked by computer.
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