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S6 History: China’s Reform and Opening Up after 1978 | 10 Basic Items
S6 History: China’s Reform and Opening Up after 1978 | 10 Basic Items
Ten items build the chronological frame: the 1978 plenum, Xiaogang contracting, the four zones of 1980, the fourteen coastal cities of 1984, Pudong in 1990 and the market economy of 1992.
Dates and turning points Reform and opening up was not one policy but a sequence of institutional changes. Fix the year-to-event pairs first, then argue causation; a sound argument still loses marks when the chronology is wrong.
01 Paper details (check answers afterwards)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Questions | 10 |
| Suggested time | 25 |
| Difficulty mix | Foundation 10 |
| Chapter | Chapter: S6 History: China’s Reform and Opening Up after 1978 |
| Level | Basic |
02 Questions (10 items)
- FoundationWhich Communist Party meeting in December 1978 is treated as the starting point of reform and opening up?
- FoundationThe plenum ran from 18 to 22 December. How many calendar days was that, counting both the first and the last day?
- FoundationWhat was the name of the farming system introduced first in the countryside?
- FoundationIn November 1978, the 18 households of which village secretly signed to contract output to households?
- FoundationWhich four special economic zones did China set up in 1980?
- FoundationWhich province-level special economic zone was added in 1988?
- FoundationThe number of special economic zones rose from 4 to 5. What was the percentage increase?
- FoundationHow many coastal cities did China open further in 1984?
- FoundationWhich new area was launched for development and opening in 1990?
- FoundationDeng Xiaoping’s southern tour in 1992 was followed by the 14th Party Congress. What system goal did that congress set?
03 Answers and one-line notes
| # | Answer | One-line note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, held in Beijing from 18 to 22 December 1978. | The plenum shifted the priority from class struggle to economic construction, which is why it marks the start of reform. |
| 2 | 5 days. | Count both opening and closing days, so 22 minus 18 plus 1. |
| 3 | The household contract responsibility system, commonly called contracting output to households. | Land stayed collective while households contracted the farming and bore the profit and loss. |
| 4 | Xiaogang village in Fengyang county, Anhui. | The eighteen thumbprints from Xiaogang became the emblem of rural reform. |
| 5 | Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen. | All four sat on the south-east coast, close to Hong Kong, Macau and the Taiwan Strait. |
| 6 | Hainan province, with the whole province designated as a special economic zone. | Hainan is the only zone covering a whole province, far larger than the four city zones of 1980. |
| 7 | 25 per cent. | With 4 as the base, (5 minus 4) divided by 4 gives 0.25, that is 25 per cent. |
| 8 | 14, including Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao, Shanghai, Ningbo, Fuzhou and Guangzhou. | The step from zone points to a coastal line of cities was the second stage of the opening. |
| 9 | Pudong New Area in Shanghai. | Pudong pulled the Yangtze delta along and moved the weight of opening north from the south. |
| 10 | A socialist market economy. | The congress lifted the market from a tool to a system goal, replacing the planned commodity economy. |
04 What to do after marking
- After marking, redo only the wrong items and write down which step went wrong (formula, unit, or misread number).
- Repeat the same item two days later; move to the next paper only when both attempts are correct.
- Parents only need the answer and note columns; there is no need to explain every item.
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