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Primary General Studies, Maps and Directions, Paper 3: scale, contours and hiking routes
Primary General Studies, Maps and Directions, Paper 3: scale, contours and hiking routes
Ten items on 1:20,000 and 1:50,000 scale conversion, bearings, legend colours, contour intervals and height gain, hiking speed, scale from a real distance, V-shaped contours and gradient percentages.
Focus Map distance times the scale gives real distance, and centimetres become kilometres after dividing by 100,000; east is 90 degrees clockwise from north; blue in the legend is water; height gain divided by the contour interval gives the number of intervals; speed is distance over time; convert a real distance to centimetres then divide by the map length for the scale; a V pointing uphill is a valley; gradient is rise over run.
01 Paper details (check answers afterwards)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Questions | 10 |
| Suggested time | 25 |
| Difficulty mix | Foundation 4 · Intermediate 3 · Challenge 2 · Error redo 1 |
| Chapter | Chapter: Primary General Studies: Maps and Directions |
| Level | P4 to P6 |
02 Questions (10 items)
- FoundationOn a 1:20,000 map, what real distance does 5 cm represent?
- FoundationTwo places are 4 cm apart on a 1:50,000 map. What is the real distance in kilometres?
- FoundationStarting from north and turning 90 degrees clockwise, which direction do you face?
- FoundationOn a map legend, what do blue lines usually represent?
- IntermediateContours are drawn every 20 m. Walking from the 100 m contour to the 180 m contour, how much do you climb and how many intervals is that?
- IntermediateA 3 km trail takes 1 hour of walking, or 1.25 hours including rest. What is the average speed in each case?
- IntermediateTwo places are 1.5 km apart in reality and 7.5 cm on the map. What is the scale?
- ChallengeContours form a V whose point aims uphill. Is that a valley or a ridge?
- ChallengeA route rises 120 m over a horizontal distance of 1,500 m. What is the gradient as a percentage?
- Error redoA classmate says 1 cm on any map always equals 1 m on the ground. Is that right?
03 Answers and one-line notes
| # | Answer | One-line note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 × 20,000 = 100,000 cm = 1 km. | Multiply by the scale to get centimetres, then divide by 100 for metres. |
| 2 | 4 × 50,000 = 200,000 cm = 2 km. | Divide by 100,000 to turn centimetres into kilometres. |
| 3 | East. | Among the eight directions, east is 90 degrees from north. |
| 4 | Water bodies such as rivers, lakes or coastlines. | Green is usually woodland or park, and brown is usually contour lines. |
| 5 | 180 − 100 = 80 m, which is 4 intervals. | Subtract for the height difference, then divide by the contour interval. |
| 6 | 3 ÷ 1 = 3 km/h and 3 ÷ 1.25 = 2.4 km/h. | Speed is distance over time; counting rest time lowers the average. |
| 7 | 150,000 ÷ 7.5 = 20,000, so the scale is 1:20,000. | Convert the real distance to centimetres, then divide by the map length. |
| 8 | A valley. A V pointing uphill marks where water flows down. | A V pointing downhill marks a ridge, the opposite case. |
| 9 | 120 ÷ 1,500 = 0.08, that is 8%. | Gradient is rise over horizontal run, times 100 for a percentage. |
| 10 | No. What 1 cm represents depends on the scale, which differs greatly between maps. | Ignoring the scale is the most common error in map questions. |
04 What to do after marking
- After marking, redo only the wrong items and write down which step went wrong (formula, unit, or misread number).
- Repeat the same item two days later; move to the next paper only when both attempts are correct.
- Parents only need the answer and note columns; there is no need to explain every item.
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