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AP Biology Mock: Genetics, Hardy-Weinberg, Respiration, Ecology
TUTORZONE ORIGINAL MOCK PAPER · AP BIOLOGY
Written to the College Board exam format: Section I multiple choice, 60 questions, 1 h 30 min, 50%; Section II free response, 6 questions, 1 h 30 min, 50% (2 long 9 pts + 4 short 4 pts). This paper demonstrates 4 Section II questions (genetics, Hardy-Weinberg, respiration, ecology) with answers.
What is in the AP Biology exam?
Direct answer: Section I multiple choice, 60 questions, 1 h 30 min, 50%; Section II free response, 6 questions, 1 h 30 min, 50%.
Assessment at a glance (2027)
| Component | Content | Weighting | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Section II (Free Response) | 6 questions: 2 long (9 pts) + 4 short (4 pts) | 50% | 1 h 30 min |
| Section I (Multiple Choice) | 60 questions, discrete or question sets | 50% | 1 h 30 min |
In Section II state the formula or law, then substitute, then give the answer with its unit; for concepts give the definition and an example (respiration, ecology).
How this paper was built
This is a TutorZone original mock paper: the questions follow the College Board AP Biology format (Section II free response) and the answers are our own, not College Board questions or marking references.
The numerical answer (Hardy-Weinberg) was recomputed programmatically.
Pacing
| Section | Marks | Suggested time | What to do first |
|---|---|---|---|
| Section II (Free Response) | 50% | about 22 min long, 8 min short | definition for concepts, steps for calculations |
| Section I (Multiple Choice) | 50% | about 1.5 min per question | eliminate clearly wrong options |
What is the phenotypic ratio of Aa x Aa?
Direct answer: dominant : recessive = 3 : 1.
Section II: free response (4 demonstrated)
Demonstrates genetics, Hardy-Weinberg, cellular respiration and ecology.
Question 1 (10 marks)
Two heterozygotes (Aa x Aa) mate, A dominant to a. State the phenotypic ratio (dominant : recessive).
Question 2 (10 marks)
In a Hardy-Weinberg population, the recessive phenotype is 16%. Calculate the recessive allele frequency q and the heterozygote frequency.
Question 3 (10 marks)
Write the equation for cellular respiration and state where it occurs.
Question 4 (10 marks)
Explain why energy decreases at each trophic level of a food chain.
How does energy change along a food chain?
Direct answer: energy is used and lost as heat at each level, so it decreases up the chain.
Answers and marks per question
Question 1
Genotypes AA : Aa : aa = 1 : 2 : 1 (5); the phenotype ratio dominant : recessive is 3 : 1 (5).
Question 2
q^2 = 0.16, so q = sqrt(0.16) = 0.4 (5); heterozygote = 2pq = 2 x 0.6 x 0.4 = 0.48 (48%) (5).
Question 3
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water (+ energy/ATP) (6); it occurs mainly in the mitochondria (4).
Question 4
Energy is used at each level for respiration, movement and maintenance and lost as heat (5); only a small part becomes biomass passed up, so it decreases each level (5).
What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Direct answer: p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1, describing allele and genotype frequencies without evolutionary forces.
Where these marks are usually lost
| Mistake | What it looks like | What it costs | Instead |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wrong genetic ratio | Aa x Aa as 1:1 | A heterozygous cross gives 3:1 | Dominant : recessive = 3:1 |
| Hardy-Weinberg error | Treating q^2 as q | The recessive phenotype is q^2, take the square root | q = sqrt(q^2) |
| Energy flow error | Thinking energy increases up levels | Energy decreases each level (heat loss) | Only a small part passes to the next level |
How to use this paper
First sit: all 4 questions with no references.
Mark it: check calculation steps and concept definitions.
Second sit: redo three to seven days later, aiming for a faster finish.
What should I do after finishing this paper?
Direct answer: log questions with wrong steps or definitions; redo in three to seven days; and drill Section I multiple choice.
FAQ
Is this a College Board paper?
No. The questions and answers are TutorZone originals, not College Board questions or marking references.
What does AP Biology test?
Section I multiple choice, 60 questions, 1 h 30 min, 50%; Section II free response, 6 questions, 1 h 30 min, 50%.
How is Hardy-Weinberg calculated?
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1; the recessive phenotype is q^2, so take the square root first.
Official references
| Resource | What to check |
|---|---|
| College Board AP Biology exam page | Confirm the format and question counts |
| https://www.tutorzone.com.hk/en-igcse-biology-0610-paper-4-mock-2027/ | IGCSE Biology (0610) Paper 4 mock |
Related: AP Biology drilling guide (order, pacing, 12-week plan) · practice area · AP Chemistry mock · IGCSE Biology Paper 4 mock
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